World-beating programs for solving 2 and 3-dimensional electrostatic problem

The programs have been described as the gold standard of charged particle optics

A method is used (BEM) that is different from that in almost all other packages. The CPO programs are extrememly accurate and have many advanced options that are not present in other programs.

The figure shows a truncated HDA (hemispherical deflection analyzer).  Produced from the first 3D ‘example’ file.  4 hoops are used to correct edge effects.  Some representative rays can be seen between the curved electrodes